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Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala'
Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' al-Basri ((アラビア語:أبو عمرو بن العلاء); died 770 CE/154 AH〔) was the Qur'an reciter of Basra, Iraq and an Arab linguist. He was born in Mecca in 689/690CE (70AH).〔Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Sold by Institut de France and Royal Library of Belgium. Vol. 2, pg. 402.〕 Descended from a branch of the tribe of Banu Tamim,〔Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, trans. G. Rex Smith. Vol. 14: The Conquest of Iran, pg. 71. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.〕 Ibn al-'Ala' is one of the seven primary transmitters of the chain of narration for the Qur'an.〔Ibn Khallikan, vol. 2, pg. 399.〕 He is also considered the founder of the Basran school of Arabic grammar.〔(al-Aṣmaʿī ) at the Encyclopædia Britannica Online. ©2013 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. Accessed 10 June 2013.〕
He was a student of Ibn Abi Ishaq and a teacher of Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi,〔Introduction to ''Early Medieval Arabic: Studies on Al-Khalīl Ibn Ahmad'', pg. 2. Ed. Karin C. Ryding. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780878406630〕〔Eckhard Neubauer, "Al-Khalil Ibn Ahmad and Music." Taken from ''Early Medieval Arabic: Studies on Al-Khalīl Ibn Aḥmad'', pg. 63. Ed. Karin C. Ryding. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1998. ISBN 9780878406630〕 Yunus ibn Habib,〔〔Ibn Khallikan, ''Deaths of Eminent Men and History of the Sons of the Epoch'', vol. 4, pg. 586. Trns. William McGuckin de Slane. London: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1871.〕 Al-Asma'i〔 and Harun ibn Musa.〔M.G. Carter, ''Sibawayh'', pg. 21. Part of the Makers of Islamic Civilization series. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004. ISBN 9781850436713〕 According to Asma'i, he once asked his teacher one-thousand grammatical questions, and Ibn al-'Ala' answered every one of them with examples.〔 Ibn al-'Ala's other student, Abu ʿUbaidah, claimed that he was the most learned of all men in philology, grammar, Arabic poetry and the Qur'an.〔Ibn Khallikan, vol. 2, pg. 400.〕 Although he never met Sibawayhi, the ethnic Persian considered the father of Arabic grammar, Sibawayhi quotes from Abu Amr 57 times in his infamous ''Kitab'', mostly by transmission from Ibn Habib and al-Farahidi.〔M.G. Carter, ''Sibawayh'', pg. 19.〕
The famous Qur'an reciter Hafs al-Duri was also from Abu 'Amr's students, who preserved his recitation. In turn, al-Duri passed on Abu 'Amr's method of recitation to Niftawayh and Muhammad bin Dawud al-Zahiri.〔Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, trans. Franz Rosenthal. Vol. 1: General Introduction and From the Creation to the Flood, pg. 58.〕 Ibn al-'Ala' was a contemporary of many early Muslim notables; he remarked that in his experience, Hasan of Basra and Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf were the first and second most eloquent and pure speakers of the Arabic language.〔Ibn Khallikan, vol. 1, pg. 370.〕
He died in Kufa in 770CE (154AH).〔 Having just come back from a visit to the governor of Syria, Ibn al-'Ala' experienced a series of fainting fits while in Kufa, where he was buried.〔
== References ==
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